1819 & Before Linda Bendikson and Emily Morgan West (the

and Emily Morgan West (the Yellow Rose)

Environmentalists have lauded the Amish as iconic models for a way of life that is local

and providing a connection between the readings and larger questions and issues currently being debated about gender and consumer culture

misleading conclusions that impair sound policy and scholarship

and the Tokyo Rose treason trial of 1949

1819 & Before Linda Bendikson and Emily Morgan West (theThe essays published here began as a series of lectures commemorating the bicentennial of Thomas Stamford Raffles's establishment of a British Station in 1819. The essays draw on thirty five years of archaeological investigations on and around Fort Canning, new readings of the Malay Annals, early Chinese records reporting Singapore, and the Portuguese and Dutch records to probe and challenge our understanding of Singapore's history before Raffles.